Review Article: Applications of Magnets in Orthodontics
Abstract
Magnets have been used in dentistry for many years. The force they deliver can be directed, and they can exert their force through mucosa and bone, as well as within the mouth. In orthodontics, they are used for intrusion of teeth, tooth movement along archwires, expansion, retention, functional appliances, and in treatment of impacted teeth. There are various types of magnets used in the field of orthodontics with their advantages and disadvantages, along with their biological safety which has been discussed in this article. This article reviews various uses of magnets in the field of orthodontics.
References
Abraham M. Blechman. Magnetic forces in orthodontics. Am .J. Orthod. 1978; 74:435. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90041-7
Javid, N. The use of magnets in a maxillofacial prosthesis. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry: 1971:25: 334–341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(71)90196-X
Federick, D. R. A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry: 1976: 36, 671–675. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(76)90033-0
Gillings, B. R. (1981) Magnetic retention for complete and partial overdentures, Part I, Journal Prosthetic Dentistry: 1981:45:484–491. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(81)90032-9
Sandler, P. J. An attractive solution to unerupted teeth, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics: 1991:100,489–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(91)70089-F
Darendeliler, M. A. and Freidle, J. M. Treatment of an impacted canine with magnet. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics: 1994: 28:639–642. https://www.jco-online.com/archive/1994/11/639-case-report-treatment-of-an-impacted-canine-with-magnets/
Abraham M. Blechman. Magnetic force systems in orthodontics: Clinical results of a pilot study. Am. J. Orthod. 1985; 201-210; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90041-7
Springate S.D. Micromagnetic retainers- An attractive solution to fixed retention. British. Orthod.1991; 18:139-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1179/bjo.18.2.139
Lars Bondemark. Biocompatibility of new, clinically used, and recycled orthodontic samarium cobalt magnets. Am. J. Orthod.1994; 105:568-574. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(94)70141-5
Muller M. The use of magnets in orthodontics: an alternative means to produce tooth movement, European Journal of Orthodontics: 1984:6: 247–253. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/6.4.247
Alexander D. Vardimon. Magnetic versus mechanical expansion with different force thresholds and points of force application. Am. J. Orthod. 1987; 92:455-466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90227-7
Anthony A. Gianelly. Distalization of molars with repelling magnets. J. Clin. Orthod. 1988; 40-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3163344/
Vardimon. Functional Orthopaedic Magnetic Appliance (FOMA) III. Am. J. Orthod. 1990; 135-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70087-s
Ali Darendeliler. Magnetic activator device II (MAD II) for correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusions. Am. J. Orthod. 1993; 223-239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70003-7
Chate R.A.C. The propellant unilateral magnetic appliance (PUMA): a new technique for hemifacial microsomia. European journal of orthodontics.1995; 17: 263-271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/17.4.263
Moss, J. P., Linney, A. D., Goodwin, P. and Shaw, I. A. Three-dimensional study of treatment with magnet and non-magnet twin blocks, European Journal of Orthodontics: 1993:15:342.